Tag: The Universe

The Absence that Binds. | Follow the Bouncing Ball.

“Although we think of black holes as somehow threatening, in the sense that if you get too close to one you are in trouble, they may have had a role in helping galaxies to form — not just our own, but all galaxies.” German astronomers believe they have discovered a black hole right in the center of our Milky Way. “According to Dr Robert Massey, of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS), the results suggest that galaxies form around giant black holes in the way that a pearl forms around grit.”

And, if that wasn’t heady enough news to wrap one’s mind around, see also this article on loop quantum cosmology (LQC) and “The Big Bounce.” “LQC has been tantalising physicists since 2003 with the idea that our universe could conceivably have emerged from the collapse of a previous universe. Now the theory is poised to make predictions we can actually test. If they are verified, the big bang will give way to a big bounce and we will finally know the quantum structure of space-time. Instead of a universe that emerged from a point of infinite density, we will have one that recycles, possibly through an eternal series of expansions and contractions, with no beginning and no end.” (Both links via Dangerous Meta.)

Dawn of the Particle Age.

“It’s really a generation that we’ve been looking forward to this moment, and the moments that will come after it in particular. September 10 is a demarcation between finishing the construction and starting to turn it on, but the excitement will only continue to grow.” A Quantum Leap Forward, or the End of Days? (Answer: The former.) Over on the border of France and Switzerland, the Large Hadron Collider — the giant, multi-billion-dollar particle accelerator decades in the making — gets ready for its first big test on Wednesday (as does its accompanying “Grid”.) “The collider will recreate the conditions of less than a millionth of a second after the Big Bang, when there was a hot ‘soup’ of tiny particles called quarks and gluons, to look at how the universe evolved, said John Harris, U.S. coordinator for ALICE, a detector specialized to analyze that question.“

Distant Mirrors.

“‘This is a landmark discovery because it implies that solar system analogs may be very common, at least scaled-down versions,’ said Sara Seager, an extra-solar planet expert from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ‘…We are on an inexorable path to finding other Earths.‘” Astronomers find a solar system not unlike our own 5,000 light years away. “We are seeing the emergence of a new planet-finding technique — one that opens up an entirely new capability for planet finding. It is more powerful than we ever thought possible.”

My God, It’s Full of Brains.

“It could be the weirdest and most embarrassing prediction in the history of cosmology, if not science. If true, it would mean that you yourself reading this article are more likely to be some momentary fluctuation in a field of matter and energy out in space than a person with a real past born through billions of years of evolution in an orderly star-spangled cosmos. Your memories and the world you think you see around you are illusions.“

In today’s NYT, Dennis Overbye attempts to explain the Boltzmann Brain problem, a theoretical puzzle causing consternation among cosmologists. “‘It is part of a much bigger set of questions about how to think about probabilities in an infinite universe in which everything that can occur, does occur, infinitely many times,’ said Leonard Susskind of Stanford, a co-author of a paper in 2002 that helped set off the debate. Or as Andrei Linde, another Stanford theorist given to colorful language, loosely characterized the possibility of a replica of your own brain forming out in space sometime, ‘How do you compute the probability to be reincarnated to the probability of being born?’”

Um, yeah. The graphic sorta helps explain what may be going on: Minute fluctuations in the universe’s general move towards entropy create random pockets of order, some of which could hypothetically organize as floating brains, or pocket universes or whales and flowerpots too, I suppose. Or something like that…Now my brain hurts.

A Great Disturbance…

“…as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced.” Scientists at NASA catch a glimpse of cosmic devastation on a galactic scale, as a “death star galaxy,” fueled by a black hole, destroys its neighbor with a beam of radiation. “The telescope images show the bully galaxy shooting a stream of deadly radiation particles into the lower section of the other galaxy, which is about one-tenth its size…Tens of millions of stars, including those with orbiting planets, are likely in the path of the deadly jet…If Earth were in the way — and it’s not — the high-energy particles and radiation of the jet would in a matter of months strip away the planet’s protective ozone layer and compress the protective magnetosphere.” And what does that mean? “‘You would basically render extinct all surface forms of life,’ Tyson said. ‘But it may be that subterranean life is…immune to this kind of violence in the universe.‘” You heard the man…start digging.

Undone by The Great Eye.

Have we inadvertently killed Schrodinger’s cat? No, it’s much, much worse. Cosmologists at Case Western Reserve and Vanderbilt speculate that mankind may have hastened the end of the universe by observing dark energy in 1998. “[Q]uantum theory says that whenever we observe or measure something, we could stop it decaying due what is what is called the ‘quantum Zeno effect,’ which suggests that if an ‘observer’ makes repeated, quick observations of a microscopic object undergoing change, the object can stop changing – just as a watched kettle never boils…Prof Krauss says that the measurement of the light from supernovae in 1998, which provided evidence of dark energy, may have reset the decay of the void to zero — back to a point when the likelihood of its surviving was falling rapidly. ‘In short, we may have snatched away the possibility of long-term survival for our universe and made it more likely it will decay,’ says Prof Krauss.” D’oh! But wouldn’t this presume that at no other place or time in our unfathomably gigantic universe did any other civilization make the same observations? Given the odds of intelligent life out there, that seems unlikely. (And, if you think this all sounds goofy and ridiculous, just wait until we get to the multiverse…)

On the Dark Side.

Using the thankfully soon-to-be-refurbished Hubble, astronomers find more evidence of “dark energy” in the early universe working along the lines of Einstein’s famous fudge factor, the cosmological constant, to combat a gravitational crunch. “‘Dark energy makes us nervous,’ said Sean Carroll, a theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology who was not involved in the supernova study. ‘It fits the data, but it’s not what we really expected.’“

Great Eye in the Karoo.

The WP takes a gander at the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), which “can see 13 billion years back in time, nearly to the big bang. With its 10-by-11-foot hexagonal mirror — the largest of its type in the world — SALT concentrates the faintest, most distant light in the universe. If a candle were to flicker on the moon, SALT could detect it.“